Concept Of Ecology

Ecosystem - Every organisms is influenced by the organic and abiotic components of its environment. And the work together. This is called ecosystem.

Components of ecosystem - The ecosystem have two main components.

A) Biotic Components,

B) Abiotic Components.

A) Biotic Components -

An ecosystem can be divided into following components on the besis of nutritional relationships -

(1) Producer - those component that produce their own food are called producer.It contains green plants, which make there own food through light synthesis.

(2) Consumers - It contains heterotrophic animals, but use food items by produced by producers, called consumers. 

These are of the following types -

१) Primary Consumers - 

This includes herbivorous animals that eats grass. Example - Rabbit,Deer,Got,Cow etc.

२) Secondary Consumers - this includes those carnivorous animals which eat herbivorous animals. Example - Frog,Lion,Tiger,etc.

३) Tertiary Consumers - This includes those carnivorous animals which eats other carnivorous animals. Example - The snake eats frog. The vulture eats snake. Humans eat many animals.

(3) Decomposers - It contains microorganisms like bacteria, fungi etc. these decompose complex substances into simpler substances by acting on the dead bodies of produces and consumers, which are later consumed by producers. Example - Aspergilus,Rhizopus,Penicillius etc.

(4) Transformers - Some bacteria act on decomposed products and covert them into organic and inorganic substances, called transformers.

B) Abiotic Components - 

It includes organic inorganic substances and energy. Water, carbon dioxide, oxigen, nitrogen, sulphur, sulphate etc. form inorganic cycles. These substances are present in the soil either independently or in compound form. And sunlight is absorbed by the plant and becomes food substances. Food substances re-enter the inorganic cycle due to the action of micro-organisms on dead organisms.

Similarly organic substances like amino acid, protein, lipids, chlorophyll and sugar etc. are found in living organisms and the environment. It connects the abiotic and biotic compounds of the ecosystem.

Fresh water pond ecosystem -

1) Abiotic Components- 

Water, oxygen, sun, energy, temperature, calcium, nutrition, nitrogen, phosphorus etc.

2) Biotic Components- 

A) Producer- Aquatic plants, volvox, vallisnaria, pistia, azolla.

B) Consumers- Dianoflagelate, copepode, rotifer, insects, fishes.

C) Decomposer- Bacteria, fungie, actinomycetes.

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